Scientific Justification

The European Code Against Cancer and the answers to the Questions and Answers were developed based on scientific evidence. You can find below the different manuscripts that explain this evidence.

• 12 ways (PDF)
• Methodology (PDF)
• Tobacco (PDF)
• Obesity and Body Fatness (PDF)
• Physical Activity (PDF)
• Diet (PDF)
• Alcohol (PDF)* 
• UV (PDF)
• Environment and Occupation (PDF)
• Radiation (PDF)
• Breastfeeding (PDF)
• Hormonal Therapy (PDF)
• Infections and vaccination (PDF)
• Screening (PDF)

* The article "European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Alcohol drinking and cancer" was replaced with a new version on 23 November 2016. Reasons specified in the Corrigendum (PDF)